An effective public policy in the telecommunications sector should aim to provide comprehensive coverage and good-quality network signals, ensure data security and protection, improve the population’s digital literacy, and promote digital content and applications that generate added value, thereby increasing demand for services. Based on this premise, this study aims to assess whether the establishment of coverage and investment commitments allows the state to address the various obstacles involved in delivering these services, such as the lack of oversight and enforcement across the various regions of the country. It discusses the main issues raised in Court Decision No. 740/2023-TCU-Full Court, reported by Minister Walton Alencar Rodrigues, concerning the actions of the Ministry of Communications (MCom) and the National Telecommunications Agency (Anatel) in implementing recent public policies in the telecommunications sector, especially those related to broadband expansion and the digital inclusion of Brazilian society. An explanatory, document-based methodology with a qualitative approach was applied, based on a review of specialized literature and the sector’s legal framework to analyze the criteria underlying the imposition of conditions on the provision of telecommunications services. The findings indicate that public policies in the sector have primarily been implemented through the establishment of coverage and investment commitments in various regulatory instruments, which, as a rule, have not allowed for a comprehensive and integrated approach to addressing the challenges faced.